Chorus
chorus creates multiple coppys of the orignal sound and adds them to the orignal track to give it a brighter feeling
Distortin
distortin boosts the signals to make a louder tone this chnge in wave hight alters the sound and makes the singnal larger
Reverb
reverb changes the acustics of the room that the instrment was recorded in. This is done by emulating settings and the acustic differances in these differant settings
Noise gate
A noise gate cancels out a number of decbells to mute parts of the sound. This us oftern used in recording to eliminate qualitys like bleed to achive a more pin point acurate mix.