unconscious bias

“Unconscious bias is when we make judgments or decisions on the basis of our prior experience, our own personal deep-seated thought patterns, assumptions or interpretations, and we are not aware that we are doing it.”

It can be when someone has a strong opinion with a certain thing can be related to Sexual orientation\Gender identity\ sexism\ racism etc

Unconscious bias is something a lot of people are affected by and something that is very relevant nowadays because is a huge problem in our society because a lot of people hate and discriminate towards other people without even understating why

What is the bias of media

“Media bias is the bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of many events and stories that are reported and how they are covered.”

Bias by story selection

“Example: Selection bias Health studies that recruit participants directly from clinics miss all the cases who don’t attend those clinics or seek care during the study. Due to this, the sample and the target population may differ in significant ways, limiting your ability to generalise your findings.”

Bias by selection of sources

“Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomisation is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analysed.”

Media Bias

“People often evaluate a decision to commit an action more negatively than a decision to omit an action, given that both decisions have the same negative consequence. This phenomenon is called the omission bias.

what is media bias?

The term “media bias” implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article.

Media bias in the United States occurs when the media in the United States systematically emphasises one particular point of view in a manner that contravenes the standards of professional journalism.”

“Media bias is the bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of many events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. The term “media bias” implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed.^[1]

“How does it affect to the media and the news we receive?

Practical limitations to media neutrality include the inability of journalists to report all available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a coherent narrative.^[2] Government influence, including overt and covert censorship, biases the media in some countries, for example China, North Korea, Syria and Myanmar.^[3]^[4] Politics and media bias may interact with each other; the media has the ability to influence politicians, and politicians may have the power to influence the media. This can change the distribution of power in society.^[5] Market forces may also cause bias. Examples include bias introduced by the ownership of media, including a concentration of media ownership, the subjective selection of staff, or the perceived preferences of an intended audience.

There are a number of national and international watchdog groups that report on bias of the media.”

What is media bias (in my words)

Media bias is something very relevant and something that everyone should be aware of, Media bias is when you only take one part of a certain story and show only one side of it which can create confusion and lead to spreading miss information and create a lot of controversy and hate or either more conflicts between people, this can happen when a news channel has unconscious bias or media bias which that they select what they want to show in their broadcast

How can you prevent bias?

its always important to be open minded and question your beliefs and thoughts in a healthy and positive way.

I think you also can se different articles and research about the certain topic that is occurring, but from different news channel or websites so you get to know he whole story and don’t get miss information

IPSO-OFCOM

“On this page you’ll find 2 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to ipso facto, such as: actually, and by that very fact.

Ipso jure is a Latin phrase, directly translated as “by the law itself“. It is used as an adverb.

The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) is the independent regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry in the UK.

IPSO is a self-regulator paid for by its member publishers though the Regulatory Funding Company.

The PCC received extensive criticism for its lack of action in the News of the World phone hacking affair, including from MPs and Prime Minister David Cameron, who called for it to be replaced with a new system in July 2011.”

IPSO-OFCOM(my own words)

IPSO comes from the latin which means “by the law” it stands for “Independent Press Standards Organisation”

OFCOM– is when a person regulates and manages the information that is being sent to the news channel and is fair on any other news channel so everyone is getting the same amount of information and can use the same resources, and also it manages which information is being broadcasted by the news and how its being delivered, for example delivered anything that can be like adult content, so they show that on a certain time, or deliver the information without any unconscious bias and media bias

OFCOM

Ofcom is the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries. It regulates the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. Ofcom works with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology.

Ofcom is funded by fees from industry for regulating broadcasting and communications networks, and grant-in-aid from the UK Government for undertaking concurrent competition regulation and managing radio spectrum.

The Office of Communications, commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

The Office of Communications, commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.^[3]^[4]

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003.^[1]

To ensure the transparency of commercial communications as a means to secure consumer protection. 10.1 Programming that is subject to, or associated with, a commercial arrangement must be appropriately signalled, so as to ensure that the commercial arrangement is transparent to listeners.

Research

Roles journalism

“They often spend their days collecting information for their stories through interviews, either in person or over the phone. They also spend part of their time away from the office, attending events or covering other news stories in their communities

Journalism and communications are essential to modern society, as it helps inform and educate the public on various topics and events. It plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and creating a well-informed and progressive society.

This includes reporters, correspondents, citizen journalists, editors, editorial-writers, columnists, and visual journalists, such as photojournalists (journalists who use the medium of photography). A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes and reports on information in order to present using sources.

journalism, the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such print and electronic media as newspapers, magazines, books, blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social media sites, and e-mail as well as through radio, motion pictures“

https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/journalism

“Typical employers

If you want to work in a journalistic role, you can find employment in the following organisations:

national, regional and local newspapers (print and online)
radio and television stations
magazines
media and broadcast companies
creative digital media companies.

Outside of journalism and media, there are plenty of options for you to use your creativity and communication skills. Typical employers include:

advertising and marketing companies
charities
corporate communications agencies
PR consultancies.

Other common employers include the Civil Service and further and higher education institutions.

You can also find work in law, management, public administration and politics.

Find information on employers in media and internet, marketing, advertising and PR, and other job sectors.”

“Job options

Jobs directly related to your degree include:

Jobs where your degree would be useful include:

Remember that many employers accept applications from graduates with any degree subject, so don’t restrict your thinking to the jobs listed here.”

Journalism roles Research Task (my own words)

Many news channel always show the most negative side of many countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and many others and, its a good thing too try to help a country and their citizens but there is a difference between “helping” and just creating a horrible image of a country their culture and their language, which is something that affects>

A journalist is someone that researches and takes valuable information and helps society to get information that can be related to either conflicts or to create awareness about certain topics or awaken society to show them how they can be affected politically or just socially, a journalist should write and show the truth and real facts and demographics for people to be able to understand the situation of the actual world and they should be a trustful source of information for everyone, they way this connects and matters to me is to me shoe the truth and always be a trust fu source of information for my audience.

There is many roles via you can do this, and you can help people to show them the truth, there is many roles in journalism, you can create a article in a website in google, write it on the news paper, or either make a podcast or broadcast from the radio and even using any social media apps, that can be instagram, twitter, facebook,

Task-1 research about a topic

Demographics

Being Transgender in the UK, Transphobia and How to be Inclusive

Transphobia and discrimination towards trans people,

“By George Hughes (they/them): With roughly 200,000 – 500,000 trans people living in the UK (Government Equalities Office, 2018), and more celebrities coming out as gender diverse, trans people have become a popular subject for discussion. While many transgender people are celebrated around the world, discrimination and transphobia is still being faced daily with devastating consequences. This blog is about being transgender in the UK, what we mean by transphobia, and what we can do to be inclusive of all members of the community.”

“What is transphobia?

In simple terms, transphobia is negative feelings, attitudes or actions against people who identify as transgender. It also covers those who identify as non-binary, transsexual or androgyne. Transphobia can be seen in many different forms and can range from inappropriate language, prejudice-related bullying, to full-blown violent attacks.

The transgender community have become a topic more frequently discussed by the British tabloids. Panic and prejudice have been propagated by the press and gender critics. Research carried out by Forbes (2021) has claimed that 375 transgender people were murdered globally in 2021 – twenty five more than the year before. According to records, this is the ‘deadliest year of violence against gender diverse people since records began.’

In August 2020, the Equality and Human Rights Commission published a report which showed the public’s attitudes to trans people. From the data, it is clear that many people do show a positive attitude. When asked to choose words to describe their feelings towards trans people, many chose words such as ‘respect’ and ‘admire’. However, there is still a percentage who selected ‘pity’, ‘fear’, ‘disgust’ and ‘resentment.’ “

“What is it like being trans in the UK?

While there is lots of support, it is also incredibly difficult. In order to even be diagnosed with ‘gender dysphoria’ (the feeling of discomfort or distress that might occur in people whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth or sex-related physical characteristics) and start medically transitioning, you have to be assessed by two psychologists with expertise in the area of gender development. These can be in excess of £1000 and that is just to get a piece of paper with your ‘diagnosis’ on. If you were to go through the NHS, wait times for the first appointment alone are a minimum of eighteen months – and that is if you are fortunate. Once you have your referral, you are faced with more waiting to see a specialist in that area. Even privately, waiting lists for hormone replacement therapy are a year long. So, while some of us will be going through hormone therapy or surgery, each time we are asked, it reminds us of the long waiting list ahead and the months to follow where we still don’t feel at home in the body we are in.”

“How can people help?

One way, is to avoid gendered language

Reflect on the language you are using. Using gendered language such as ‘boys and girls,’ ‘lads’ and ‘ladies and gentlemen’ can be alienating for those who identify as gender non-conforming and gender diverse. Being referred to as ‘miss’, ‘ladies’, or ‘madam’ makes me feel uncomfortable every single time.”

“To avoid this, use vocabulary such as:

Everyone
People
Folks

These terms are more inclusive and do not focus on someone’s gender or gender identity.

Use chosen names and correct pronouns

A person’s chosen name and pronouns are an important part of their identity. If someone has asked you to use these, ensure you are doing so in order to respect the person’s gender identity, and to ensure that they feel included and valued. Chances are, someone has spent a lot of time thinking about their name, so please use it!

If you’re not sure of someone’s pronouns, ask! I have always really appreciated it when someone has asked me what my pronouns are. It immediately puts me at ease. If you are struggling to remember, have a go at saying their names and chosen pronouns aloud.”

“For example:

Sam is a trans man, he is using he/him pronouns.

Jamie identifies as non-binary. They use they/them pronouns.”

By George Hughes (they/them)

Transgender Hate

“The Transgender Community is the most targeted group in LGBT+ community as a whole

In 2020/2021, 2,630 Hate Crimes against transgender people were recorded by the Police, an increase of 16% from the previous year (Home Office, 2021). This number is still severely underreported because out of 108,100 responses to the National LGBT Survey, 88% of transgender people did not report the most serious type of incident. 48% of transgender people were not satisfied with the Police response after reporting the most serious types of incidents.

Transgender people are more likely to experience threats of physical or sexual harassment or violence compared with the LGBT community as a whole (National LGBT Survey, Government Equalities Office).

Most transphobic incidents reported to Stop Hate UK were verbal abuse, threatening behaviour, harassment and anti-social behaviour, such as having derogatory terms shouted at them, having invasive or inappropriate questions asked of them or facing harassment from neighbours, co-workers or strangers.

No one should have to suffer from Hate for who they are. Our 24 hour helpline offers emotional support, advocacy and independent advice for anyone facing Hate and discrimination for their transgender identity.”

https://www.stonewall.org.uk/cy/lgbtq-facts-and-figures

“Seven in ten trans people (70%) report being impacted by transphobia when accessing general health services.
Nearly half of trans people (45%) said that their GP did not have a good understanding of their needs as a trans person, rising to over half of non-binary people (55%).
90% of trans people reported experiencing delays when seeking transition-related healthcare.
Trans people of colour also experienced transphobia from trans-specific healthcare providers at more than double the rate of white respondents (13% compared to 6%)

Only half of lesbian, gay and bi people (46 per cent) and trans people (47 per cent) feel able to be open about their sexual orientation or gender identity to everyone in their family.
Three in ten bi men (30 per cent) and almost one in ten bi women (8 per cent), say they cannot be open about their sexual orientation with any of their friends, compared to two per cent of gay men and one per cent of lesbians.
More than one in ten LGBT people (11 per cent) have faced domestic abuse from a partner in the last year.
Almost one in five LGBT people (18 per cent) have experienced homelessness at some point in their lives.
Half of black, Asian and minority ethnic LGBT people (51 per cent) have experienced discrimination or poor treatment from others in their local LGBT community because of their ethnicity.
Black, Asian and minority ethnic LGBT people are about twice as likely to attend LGBT-specific venues or events as white LGBT people, 45 per cent compared to 22 per cent.
Three in ten LGBT people of faith (29 per cent) take part at least once a month in a collective activity connected with their faith.
A third of lesbian, gay and bi people of faith (32 per cent), and one in four trans people of faith (25 per cent), aren’t open with anyone in their faith community about their identity.

Two-thirds (64%) of LGBTQ+ people had experienced anti-LGBT+ violence or abuse.
Of these, 9 in 10 (92%) had experienced verbal abuse, 3 in 10 (29%) had experienced physical violence and 2 in 10 (17%) had experienced sexual violence.
Only 1 in 8 LGBT+ people surveyed had reported the most recent incident that they had experienced to the police. Less than half of those who did report their experienced to the police were satisfied with the response.
Only 1 in 3 respondents who wanted or needed support were able to access it.
One third (34%) of Black, Asian and minority ethnic LGBT people have experienced a hate crime or incident in the past twelve months, compared to one in five white LGBT people (20%).
Two in five trans people (41%) have experienced a hate crime or incident because of their gender identity.”

(Spereall, 2022)

“Deputy Mayor fears transphobia has become ‘fashionable’ amid rise in hate crime figures

West Yorkshire’s deputy mayor for policing has said she fears transphobia has become “fashionable”, amid a rise in hate crime against trans people.

West Yorkshire Police figures suggest there’s been a 44 per cent increase in transphobic related offences over the last year across the region.

Allison Lowe, a long-term advocate of trans rights who became deputy mayor last year, said she believed online hate was helping to fuel the rise.

The issue was discussed at a regional police and crime panel meeting on Friday.

Bradford councillor Richard Dunbar described the figures as “massively worrying”.

He cited research from the LGBT charity Stonewall which suggests more than a quarter of transgender people have attempted suicide, while 90 per cent have considered it.

It’s right that we see what we can do to support those communities more and better.”

Ms Lowe said West Yorkshire’s mayoral office was looking into more ways to financially help LGBT and anti-hate causes.

She added: “Our funds aren’t unlimited but I think there’s more we need to be doing.

“The police are really open to understanding how they can improve their responses to offences affecting the LGBT community.”

By David Spereall

Why I choose this as my research

Unconscious bias is when you have a very deep thought, opinion, or belief that you have deep down your subconscious the reason I selected this to be in my research is because its connected to the topic I’m doing a article about which is about Trans people, I want to add bias to my topic and article by talking and mentioning some demographics of transphobia to create some awareness about transphobia because they’re the most targeted people in the LGBTQ+ community, but in the other hand which I want to make the whole article about and the main thing in the article is encouraging and supporting trans youth, I wan to make some positive and supportive messages in the interview to support trans youth, to make them feel more confident and comfortable, and safer to be themselves openly, so I wanna interview people that are either trans people, so they can tell their own personal experience with transitioning or being themselves openly, or people who support trans rights, to create a very supportive and positive article that can help trans youth.

I used some more demographics that are supportive and create awareness for trans youth,

Bibliography

Spereall, D. (2022). Deputy Mayor fears transphobia has become ‘fashionable’ amid rise in hate crime figures. [online] Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Available at: https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/19991482.deputy-mayor-fears-transphobia-become-fashionable-amid-rise-hate-crime-figures/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2023].

Stop Hate UK (2021). Transgender Hate. [online] Stop Hate UK. Available at: https://www.stophateuk.org/about-hate-crime/transgender-hate/.

‌Bradford Telegraph and Argus. (2022). Deputy Mayor fears transphobia has become ‘fashionable’ amid rise in hate crime figures. [online] Available at: https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/19991482.deputy-mayor-fears-transphobia-become-fashionable-amid-rise-hate-crime-figures/.

EqualiTeach (2022). Being Transgender in the UK, Transphobia and How to be Inclusive. [online] EqualiTeach. Available at: https://equaliteach.co.uk/being-transgender-in-the-uk-transphobia-and-how-to-be-inclusive/.

‌Prospects.ac.uk. (2000). What can I do with a journalism degree? | Prospects.ac.uk. [online] Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/journalism.

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